How it works
An AND gate is a fundamental digital logic gate that implements logical conjunction. It typically has two inputs and one output. The output goes HIGH (logic 1) strictly if, and only if, ALL of its inputs are HIGH.
If any input is pulled LOW (logic 0), the output immediately goes LOW. This makes the AND gate act like a strict gatekeeper: a signal can only pass through if all required conditions are met simultaneously.
In standard 5V CMOS logic (like the 74HC series), a HIGH is roughly 5V and a LOW is roughly 0V. AND gates are commonly used to combine enable signals or check if multiple sensors are triggered at the same time.